sofficeコマンドでExcelファイルをPDFに変換する。

はじめに

ExcelからPDFに変換できるコマンドを試してみる。

環境

Windows 10 Professional
WSL2 - (Ubuntu22.04 LTS)
LibreOffice 7.3.7.2 30(Build:2)

準備

Excelファイルは下記を使用する。
calendar.xlsx

LibreOfficeのインストール

$ sudo apt-get install libreoffice

libreoffice 単体のみ入れられるかと思ったけど、依存パッケージが多いみたい。
https://ask.libreoffice.org/t/topic/33337
https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Development/BuildingOnLinux/ja

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  cpp cpp-11 default-jre dictionaries-common emacsen-common firebird3.0-common firebird3.0-common-doc
  firebird3.0-server-core firebird3.0-utils fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-dejavu
  fonts-dejavu-extra fonts-liberation fonts-liberation2 fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-noto-core fonts-noto-extra
  fonts-noto-mono fonts-noto-ui-core fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic gcc-11-base
  gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 hunspell-en-us libabsl20210324 libabw-0.1-1 libatk-wrapper-java
  libatk-wrapper-java-jni libauthen-sasl-perl libboost-filesystem1.74.0 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-locale1.74.0
  libboost-thread1.74.0 libbsh-java libcdr-0.1-1 libclone-perl libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcolamd2
  libdata-dump-perl libe-book-0.1-1 libel-api-java libencode-locale-perl libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1
  libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfbclient2 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl
  libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfont-afm-perl libfreehand-0.1-1 libgif7 libgpgme11 libgpgmepp6
  libgraphene-1.0-0 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgtkd-3-0 libharfbuzz-icu0 libhsqldb1.8.0-java libhtml-form-perl
  libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl
  libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhunspell-1.7-0 libib-util
  libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libio-stringy-perl libipc-system-simple-perl libisl23 libjsp-api-java
  liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblibreoffice-java libllvm11 libltdl7 liblwp-mediatypes-perl
  liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmailtools-perl libmhash2 libmpc3 libmspub-0.1-1 libmwaw-0.3-3 libmysqlclient21
  libmythes-1.2-0 libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libodfgen-0.1-1
  liborcus-0.17-0 liborcus-parser-0.17-0 libpagemaker-0.0-0 libphobos2-ldc-shared98 libpq5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3
  librdf0 libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-base-drivers libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common
  libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress libreoffice-java-common
  libreoffice-math libreoffice-nlpsolver libreoffice-report-builder libreoffice-report-builder-bin
  libreoffice-script-provider-bsh libreoffice-script-provider-js libreoffice-script-provider-python
  libreoffice-sdbc-firebird libreoffice-sdbc-hsqldb libreoffice-sdbc-mysql libreoffice-sdbc-postgresql
  libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-yaru libreoffice-wiki-publisher
  libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 libservlet-api-java libservlet3.1-java libsuitesparseconfig5 libtie-ixhash-perl
  libtimedate-perl libtommath1 libtry-tiny-perl libuno-cppu3 libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 libuno-purpenvhelpergcc3-3
  libuno-sal3 libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 libunoloader-java liburi-perl libvisio-0.1-1 libvte-2.91-0 libvte-2.91-common
  libvted-3-0 libwebsocket-api-java libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 libwps-0.4-4 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl
  libx11-protocol-perl libxft2 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpathengine-perl libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss
  libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libyajl2 lp-solve mysql-common openjdk-11-jre perl-openssl-defaults python3-uno tilix
  tilix-common uno-libs-private ure ure-java x11-utils x11-xserver-utils xdg-utils
Suggested packages:
  cpp-doc gcc-11-locales ispell | aspell | hunspell wordlist firebird3.0-server firebird3.0-doc hunspell
  openoffice.org-hunspell | openoffice.org-core libdigest-hmac-perl libgssapi-perl java-virtual-machine
  libhsqldb1.8.0-java-gcj libcrypt-ssleay-perl raptor2-utils rasqal-utils librdf-storage-postgresql
  librdf-storage-mysql librdf-storage-sqlite librdf-storage-virtuoso redland-utils cups-bsd firefox | firefox-esr
  | thunderbird ghostscript gpa hyphen-hyphenation-patterns imagemagick | graphicsmagick-imagemagick-compat
  libreoffice-grammarcheck libreoffice-help libreoffice-l10n libreoffice-librelogo myspell-dictionary mythes-thesaurus
  openclipart-libreoffice pstoedit unixodbc gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly
  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-libav libsane1 libofficebean-java libjtds-java libsqliteodbc | tdsodbc
  | odbc-mdbtools ocl-icd-libopencl1 | mesa-opencl-icd | beignet-opencl-icd libreoffice-evolution seahorse
  libreofficekit-data bluez default-mysql-server | virtual-mysql-server postgresql mediawiki libsub-name-perl
  libbusiness-isbn-perl libauthen-ntlm-perl libunicode-map8-perl libunicode-string-perl xml-twig-tools python-nautilus
  mesa-utils nickle cairo-5c xorg-docs-core
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cpp cpp-11 default-jre dictionaries-common emacsen-common firebird3.0-common firebird3.0-common-doc
  firebird3.0-server-core firebird3.0-utils fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-dejavu
  fonts-dejavu-extra fonts-liberation fonts-liberation2 fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-noto-core fonts-noto-extra
  fonts-noto-mono fonts-noto-ui-core fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic gcc-11-base
  gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 hunspell-en-us libabsl20210324 libabw-0.1-1 libatk-wrapper-java
  libatk-wrapper-java-jni libauthen-sasl-perl libboost-filesystem1.74.0 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-locale1.74.0
  libboost-thread1.74.0 libbsh-java libcdr-0.1-1 libclone-perl libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcolamd2
  libdata-dump-perl libe-book-0.1-1 libel-api-java libencode-locale-perl libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1
  libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfbclient2 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl
  libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfont-afm-perl libfreehand-0.1-1 libgif7 libgpgme11 libgpgmepp6
  libgraphene-1.0-0 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgtkd-3-0 libharfbuzz-icu0 libhsqldb1.8.0-java libhtml-form-perl
  libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl
  libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhunspell-1.7-0 libib-util
  libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libio-stringy-perl libipc-system-simple-perl libisl23 libjsp-api-java
  liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblibreoffice-java libllvm11 libltdl7 liblwp-mediatypes-perl
  liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmailtools-perl libmhash2 libmpc3 libmspub-0.1-1 libmwaw-0.3-3 libmysqlclient21
  libmythes-1.2-0 libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libodfgen-0.1-1
  liborcus-0.17-0 liborcus-parser-0.17-0 libpagemaker-0.0-0 libphobos2-ldc-shared98 libpq5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3
  librdf0 libreoffice libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-base-drivers libreoffice-calc
  libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress
  libreoffice-java-common libreoffice-math libreoffice-nlpsolver libreoffice-report-builder
  libreoffice-report-builder-bin libreoffice-script-provider-bsh libreoffice-script-provider-js
  libreoffice-script-provider-python libreoffice-sdbc-firebird libreoffice-sdbc-hsqldb libreoffice-sdbc-mysql
  libreoffice-sdbc-postgresql libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-yaru
  libreoffice-wiki-publisher libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 libservlet-api-java libservlet3.1-java
  libsuitesparseconfig5 libtie-ixhash-perl libtimedate-perl libtommath1 libtry-tiny-perl libuno-cppu3
  libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 libuno-purpenvhelpergcc3-3 libuno-sal3 libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 libunoloader-java liburi-perl
  libvisio-0.1-1 libvte-2.91-0 libvte-2.91-common libvted-3-0 libwebsocket-api-java libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3
  libwps-0.4-4 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-protocol-perl libxft2 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl
  libxml-xpathengine-perl libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libyajl2 lp-solve mysql-common openjdk-11-jre
  perl-openssl-defaults python3-uno tilix tilix-common uno-libs-private ure ure-java x11-utils x11-xserver-utils
  xdg-utils
0 upgraded, 187 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.
Need to get 265 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1002 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

sofficeコマンドを使ってExcelをPDF形式に変換する

$ soffice --help
LibreOffice 7.3.7.2 30(Build:2)

Usage: soffice [argument...]
       argument - switches, switch parameters and document URIs (filenames).

Using without special arguments:
Opens the start center, if it is used without any arguments.
   {file}              Tries to open the file (files) in the components
                       suitable for them.
   {file} {macro:///Library.Module.MacroName}
                       Opens the file and runs specified macros from
                       the file.

Getting help and information:
   --help | -h | -?    Shows this help and quits.
   --helpwriter        Opens built-in or online Help on Writer.
   --helpcalc          Opens built-in or online Help on Calc.
   --helpdraw          Opens built-in or online Help on Draw.
   --helpimpress       Opens built-in or online Help on Impress.
   --helpbase          Opens built-in or online Help on Base.
   --helpbasic         Opens built-in or online Help on Basic scripting
                       language.
   --helpmath          Opens built-in or online Help on Math.
   --version           Shows the version and quits.
   --nstemporarydirectory
                       (MacOS X sandbox only) Returns path of the temporary
                       directory for the current user and exits. Overrides
                       all other arguments.

General arguments:
   --quickstart[=no]   Activates[Deactivates] the Quickstarter service.
   --nolockcheck       Disables check for remote instances using one
                       installation.
   --infilter={filter} Force an input filter type if possible. For example:
                       --infilter="Calc Office Open XML"
                       --infilter="Text (encoded):UTF8,LF,,,"
   --pidfile={file}    Store soffice.bin pid to {file}.
   --display {display} Sets the DISPLAY environment variable on UNIX-like
                       platforms to the value {display} (only supported by a
                       start script).

User/programmatic interface control:
   --nologo            Disables the splash screen at program start.
   --minimized         Starts minimized. The splash screen is not displayed.
   --nodefault         Starts without displaying anything except the splash
                       screen (do not display initial window).
   --invisible         Starts in invisible mode. Neither the start-up logo nor
                       the initial program window will be visible. Application
                       can be controlled, and documents and dialogs can be
                       controlled and opened via the API. Using the parameter,
                       the process can only be ended using the taskmanager
                       (Windows) or the kill command (UNIX-like systems). It
                       cannot be used in conjunction with --quickstart.
   --headless          Starts in "headless mode" which allows using the
                       application without GUI. This special mode can be used
                       when the application is controlled by external clients
                       via the API.
   --norestore         Disables restart and file recovery after a system crash.
   --safe-mode         Starts in a safe mode, i.e. starts temporarily with a
                       fresh user profile and helps to restore a broken
                       configuration.
   --accept={connect-string}  Specifies a UNO connect-string to create a UNO
                       acceptor through which other programs can connect to
                       access the API. Note that API access allows execution
                       of arbitrary commands.
                       The syntax of the {connect-string} is:
                         connection-type,params;protocol-name,params
                       e.g.  pipe,name={some name};urp
                         or  socket,host=localhost,port=54321;urp
   --unaccept={connect-string}  Closes an acceptor that was created with
                       --accept. Use --unaccept=all to close all acceptors.
   --language={lang}   Uses specified language, if language is not selected
                       yet for UI. The lang is a tag of the language in IETF
                       language tag.

Developer arguments:
   --terminate_after_init
                       Exit after initialization complete (no documents loaded)
   --eventtesting      Exit after loading documents.

New document creation arguments:
The arguments create an empty document of specified kind. Only one of them may
be used in one command line. If filenames are specified after an argument,
then it tries to open those files in the specified component.
   --writer            Creates an empty Writer document.
   --calc              Creates an empty Calc document.
   --draw              Creates an empty Draw document.
   --impress           Creates an empty Impress document.
   --base              Creates a new database.
   --global            Creates an empty Writer master (global) document.
   --math              Creates an empty Math document (formula).
   --web               Creates an empty HTML document.

File open arguments:
The arguments define how following filenames are treated. New treatment begins
after the argument and ends at the next argument. The default treatment is to
open documents for editing, and create new documents from document templates.
   -n                  Treats following files as templates for creation of new
                       documents.
   -o                  Opens following files for editing, regardless whether
                       they are templates or not.
   --pt {Printername}  Prints following files to the printer {Printername},
                       after which those files are closed. The splash screen
                       does not appear. If used multiple times, only last
                       {Printername} is effective for all documents of all
                       --pt runs. Also, --printer-name argument of
                       --print-to-file switch interferes with {Printername}.
   -p                  Prints following files to the default printer, after
                       which those files are closed. The splash screen does
                       not appear. If the file name contains spaces, then it
                       must be enclosed in quotation marks.
   --view              Opens following files in viewer mode (read-only).
   --show              Opens and starts the following presentation documents
                       of each immediately. Files are closed after the showing.
                       Files other than Impress documents are opened in
                       default mode , regardless of previous mode.
   --convert-to OutputFileExtension[:OutputFilterName] \
     [--outdir output_dir] [--convert-images-to]
                       Batch convert files (implies --headless). If --outdir
                       isn't specified, then current working directory is used
                       as output_dir. If --convert-images-to is given, its
                       parameter is taken as the target filter format for *all*
                       images written to the output format. If --convert-to is
                       used more than once, the last value of
                       OutputFileExtension[:OutputFilterName] is effective. If
                       --outdir is used more than once, only its last value is
                       effective. For example:
                   --convert-to pdf *.odt
                   --convert-to epub *.doc
                   --convert-to pdf:writer_pdf_Export --outdir /home/user *.doc
                   --convert-to "html:XHTML Writer File:UTF8" \
                                --convert-images-to "jpg" *.doc
                   --convert-to "txt:Text (encoded):UTF8" *.doc
   --print-to-file [--printer-name printer_name] [--outdir output_dir]
                       Batch print files to file. If --outdir is not specified,
                       then current working directory is used as output_dir.
                       If --printer-name or --outdir used multiple times, only
                       last value of each is effective. Also, {Printername} of
                       --pt switch interferes with --printer-name.
   --cat               Dump text content of the following files to console
                       (implies --headless). Cannot be used with --convert-to.
   --script-cat        Dump text content of any scripts embedded in the files
                       to console (implies --headless). Cannot be used with
                       --convert-to.
   -env:<VAR>[=<VALUE>] Set a bootstrap variable. For example: to set
                       a non-default user profile path:
                       -env:UserInstallation=file:///tmp/test

Ignored switches:
   -psn                Ignored (MacOS X only).
   -Embedding          Ignored (COM+ related; Windows only).
   --nofirststartwizard Does nothing, accepted only for backward compatibility.
   --protector {arg1} {arg2}
                       Used only in unit tests and should have two arguments.

とりあえず使ってみる。

soffice --headless --convert-to pdf:writer_pdf_Export calendar.xlsx

うーん日本語が豆腐になっていますね。
excel-to-pdf-1

IPA系フォントのインストール

$ sudo apt-get install fonts-ipaexfont
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  fonts-ipaexfont-gothic fonts-ipaexfont-mincho
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  fonts-ipaexfont fonts-ipaexfont-gothic fonts-ipaexfont-mincho
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.
Need to get 7954 kB of archives.
After this operation, 14.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 fonts-ipaexfont-gothic all 00401-3ubuntu1 [3341 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 fonts-ipaexfont-mincho all 00401-3ubuntu1 [4604 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 fonts-ipaexfont all 00401-3ubuntu1 [8428 B]
Fetched 7954 kB in 3s (2501 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package fonts-ipaexfont-gothic.
(Reading database ... 51724 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../fonts-ipaexfont-gothic_00401-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking fonts-ipaexfont-gothic (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fonts-ipaexfont-mincho.
Preparing to unpack .../fonts-ipaexfont-mincho_00401-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking fonts-ipaexfont-mincho (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fonts-ipaexfont.
Preparing to unpack .../fonts-ipaexfont_00401-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking fonts-ipaexfont (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up fonts-ipaexfont-mincho (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-mincho/ipaexm.ttf to provide /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-japanese-mincho.ttf (fonts-japanese-mincho.ttf) in auto mode
Setting up fonts-ipaexfont-gothic (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/fonts/opentype/ipaexfont-gothic/ipaexg.ttf to provide /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-japanese-gothic.ttf (fonts-japanese-gothic.ttf) in auto mode
Setting up fonts-ipaexfont (00401-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ..

再度同じコマンドを実行

soffice --headless --convert-to pdf:writer_pdf_Export calendar.xlsx

しっかりできてる…!
excel-to-pdf-2

参考

おわりに

以前、PHP+Laravel構成でPDF変換をできるようなプログラムを書いたので、記憶を遡って soffice コマンド単体で動かせるように試してみた。
結構簡単にできるので、プログラムでExcel→PDF変換を試したいって人にはおすすめ

Hugo で構築されています。
テーマ StackJimmy によって設計されています。