はじめに
パスワード付きZIPを解析するコマンドがあるとのことで使用してみる。
環境
Windows 10 Professional
WSL2 - (Ubuntu22.04 LTS)
fcrackzip
準備
パスワード付きのZIPを用意する。
zip
コマンドをインストールする。
sudo apt-get install zip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
unzip
The following NEW packages will be installed:
unzip zip
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 14 not upgraded.
Need to get 350 kB of archives.
After this operation, 929 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 unzip amd64 6.0-26ubuntu3.1 [174 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zip amd64 3.0-12build2 [176 kB]
Fetched 350 kB in 2s (165 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package unzip.
(Reading database ... 51743 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../unzip_6.0-26ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking unzip (6.0-26ubuntu3.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package zip.
Preparing to unpack .../zip_3.0-12build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zip (3.0-12build2) ...
Setting up unzip (6.0-26ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up zip (3.0-12build2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
zip
コマンドで --encrypt --password
オプションを使用してパスワードを設定できる。
zip --encrypt --password [パスワード] [ZIPファイル名] [ファイル] [ファイル] ...
というわけで、前回作成した secret1.pdf
secret2.pdf
…を圧縮する。
zip --encrypt --password=1234 zip_secret1.zip secret1.pdf secret2.pdf
adding: secret1.pdf (deflated 2%)
adding: secret2.pdf (deflated 2%)
~$ ls
calendar.pdf logs qrencode.svg secret2.pdf secret4.pdf
calendar.xlsx qrencode.pdf secret1.pdf secret3.pdf zip_secret1.zip
こんな感じでできている。
というわけでもう2種類くらい作成しておく。
zip --encrypt --password 12345 zip_secret1.zip secret1.pdf secret2.pdf
zip --encrypt --password 123456 zip_secret1.zip secret1.pdf secret2.pdf
ちなみに解凍はこんな感じ
unzip -P 1234 zip_secret1.zip
-P
指定なしだとパスワードが対話式で聞かれる。
fcrackzipのインストール
sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
Suggested packages:
wordlist
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fcrackzip
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 14 not upgraded.
Need to get 26.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 84.0 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 fcrackzip amd64 1.0-11 [26.8 kB]
Fetched 26.8 kB in 1s (33.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package fcrackzip.
(Reading database ... 51775 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../fcrackzip_1.0-11_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fcrackzip (1.0-11) ...
Setting up fcrackzip (1.0-11) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
fcrackzipコマンドを使ってパスワードを解析する
インストールが完了したら使い方を見てみる。
FCRACKZIP(1) General Commands Manual FCRACKZIP(1)
NAME
fcrackzip - a Free/Fast Zip Password Cracker
SYNOPSIS
fcrackzip [-bDBchVvplum2] [--brute-force] [--dictionary] [--benchmark] [--charset characterset] [--help] [--validate] [--verbose] [--init-password string/path] [--length min-max] [--use-unzip] [--method name] [--modulo r/m]
file...
DESCRIPTION
fcrackzip searches each zipfile given for encrypted files and tries to guess the password. All files must be encrypted with the same password, the more files you provide, the better.
OPTIONS
-h, --help
Prints the version number and (hopefully) some helpful insights.
-v, --verbose
Each -v makes the program more verbose.
-b, --brute-force
Select brute force mode. This tries all possible combinations of the letters you specify.
-D, --dictionary
Select dictionary mode. In this mode, fcrackzip will read passwords from a file, which must contain one password per line and should be alphabetically sorted (e.g. using sort(1)).
-c, --charset characterset-specification
Select the characters to use in brute-force cracking. Must be one of
a include all lowercase characters [a-z]
A include all uppercase characters [A-Z]
1 include the digits [0-9]
! include [!:$%&/()=?{[]}+*~#]
: the following characters up to the end of the spe-
cification string are included in the character set.
This way you can include any character except binary
null (at least under unix).
For example, a1:$% selects lowercase characters, digits and the dollar and percent signs.
-p, --init-password string
Set initial (starting) password for brute-force searching to string, or use the file with the name string to supply passwords for dictionary searching.
-l, --length min[-max]
Use an initial password of length min, and check all passwords up to passwords of length max (including). You can omit the max parameter.
-u, --use-unzip
Try to decompress the first file by calling unzip with the guessed password. This weeds out false positives when not enough files have been given.
-m, --method name
Use method number "name" instead of the default cracking method. The switch --help will print a list of available methods. Use --benchmark to see which method does perform best on your machine. The name can also be
the number of the method to use.
-2, --modulo r/m
Calculate only r/m of the password. Not yet supported.
-B, --benchmark
Make a small benchmark, the output is nearly meaningless.
-V, --validate
Make some basic checks whether the cracker works.
ZIP PASSWORD BASICS
Have you ever mis-typed a password for unzip? Unzip reacted pretty fast with ´incorrect password´, without decrypting the whole file. While the encryption algorithm used by zip is relatively secure, PK made cracking easy by
providing hooks for very fast password-checking, directly in the zip file. Understanding these is crucial to zip password cracking:
For each password that is tried, the first twelve bytes of the file are decrypted. Depending on the version of zip used to encrypt the file (more on that later), the first ten or eleven bytes are random, followed by one or
two bytes whose values are stored elsewhere in the zip file, i.e. are known beforehand. If these last bytes don't have the correct (known) value, the password is definitely wrong. If the bytes are correct, the password might
be correct, but the only method to find out is to unzip the file and compare the uncompressed length and crc´s.
Earlier versions of pkzip (1.xx) (and, incidentally, many zip clones for other operating systems!) stored two known bytes. Thus the error rate was roughly 1/2^16 = 0.01%. PKWARE ´improved´ (interesting what industry calls
improved) the security of their format by only including one byte, so the possibility of false passwords is now raised to 0.4%. Unfortunately, there is no real way to distinguish one byte from two byte formats, so we have to
be conservative.
BRUTE FORCE MODE
By default, brute force starts at the given starting password, and successively tries all combinations until they are exhausted, printing all passwords that it detects, together with a rough correctness indicator.
The starting password given by the -p switch determines the length. fcrackzip will not currently increase the password length automatically, unless the -l switch is used.
DICTIONARY MODE
This mode is similar to brute force mode, but instead of generating passwords using a given set of characters and a length, the passwords will be read from a file that you have to specify using the -p switch.
CP MASK
A CP mask is a method to obscure images or parts of images using a password. These obscured images can be restored even when saved as JPEG files. In most of these files the password is actually hidden and can be decoded
easily (using one of the many available viewer and masking programs, e.g. xv). If you convert the image the password, however, is lost. The cpmask crack method can be used to brute-force these images. Instead of a zip file
you supply the obscured part (and nothing else) of the image in the PPM-Image Format (xv and other viewers can easily do this).
The cpmask method can only cope with password composed of uppercase letters, so be sure to supply the --charset A or equivalent option, together with a suitable initialization password.
EXAMPLES
fcrackzip -c a -p aaaaaa sample.zip
checks the encrypted files in sample.zip for all lowercase 6 character passwords (aaaaaa ... abaaba ... ghfgrg ... zzzzzz).
fcrackzip --method cpmask --charset A --init AAAA test.ppm
checks the obscured image test.ppm for all four character passwords.
fcrackzip -D -p passwords.txt sample.zip
check for every password listed in the file passwords.txt.
PERFORMANCE
fzc, which seems to be widely used as a fast password cracker, claims to make 204570 checks per second on my machine (measured under plain dos w/o memory manager).
fcrackzip, being written in C and not in assembler, naturally is slower. Measured on a slightly loaded unix (same machine), it´s 12 percent slower (the compiler used was pgcc, from http://www.gcc.ml.org/).
To remedy this a bit, I converted small parts of the encryption core to x86 assembler (it will still compile on non x86 machines), and now it´s about 4-12 percent faster than fzc (again, the fcrackzip performance was mea‐
sured under a multitasking os, so there are inevitably some meaurement errors), so there shouldn't be a tempting reason to switch to other programs.
Further improvements are definitely possible: fzc took 4 years to get into shape, while fcrackzip was hacked together in under 10 hours. And not to forget you have the source, while other programs (like fzc), even come as an
encrypted .exe file (maybe because their programmers are afraid of other people could having a look at their lack of programming skills? nobody knows...)
RATIONALE
The reason I wrote fcrackzip was NOT to have the fastest zip cracker available, but to provide a portable, free (thus extensible), but still fast zip password cracker. I was really pissed of with that dumb, nonextendable
zipcrackers that were either slow, were too limited, or wouldn't run in the background (say, under unix). (And you can't run them on your superfast 600Mhz Alpha).
BUGS
No automatic unzip checking.
Stop/resume facility is missing.
Should be able to distinguish between files with 16 bit stored CRC´s and 8 bit stored CRC´s.
The benchmark does not work on all systems.
It's still early alpha.
Method "cpmask" only accepts ppms.
Could be faster.
AUTHOR
fcrackzip was written by Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>. The main fcrackzip page is at http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/fcrackzip.html)
Free/Fast Zip Password Cracker FCRACKZIP(1)
Manual page fcrackzip(1) line 59/132 (END) (press h for help or q to quit)
$ fcrackzip --help
fcrackzip version 1.0, a fast/free zip password cracker
written by Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> You can find more info on
http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/
USAGE: fcrackzip
[-b|--brute-force] use brute force algorithm
[-D|--dictionary] use a dictionary
[-B|--benchmark] execute a small benchmark
[-c|--charset characterset] use characters from charset
[-h|--help] show this message
[--version] show the version of this program
[-V|--validate] sanity-check the algorithm
[-v|--verbose] be more verbose
[-p|--init-password string] use string as initial password/file
[-l|--length min-max] check password with length min to max
[-u|--use-unzip] use unzip to weed out wrong passwords
[-m|--method num] use method number "num" (see below)
[-2|--modulo r/m] only calculcate 1/m of the password
file... the zipfiles to crack
methods compiled in (* = default):
0: cpmask
1: zip1
*2: zip2, USE_MULT_TAB
なるほど。 辞書型とかブルートフォースとかを指定できるらしい。
とりあえず一番簡単なのでやってみる。
fcrackzip [ファイル名]
fcrackzip zip_secret1.zip
すごい時間がかかりそうでした…
possible pw found: anmmWb ()
possible pw found: anmpyi ()
possible pw found: anmuBJ ()
possible pw found: anmHni ()
possible pw found: anmR1R ()
possible pw found: anmSi$ ()
possible pw found: anmW2y ()
ってのがずっとコンソール上に流れるので…一旦中断
fcrackzip -b -c 1 -l 4 zip_secret1.zip
possible pw found: 1234 ()
これだとめっちゃ早い
ちなみに Charsetは下記の通り
Select the characters to use in brute-force cracking. Must be one of
a include all lowercase characters [a-z]
A include all uppercase characters [A-Z]
1 include the digits [0-9]
! include [!:$%&/()=?{[]}+*~#]
: the following characters upto the end of the spe-
cification string are included in the character set.
This way you can include any character except binary
null (at least under unix).
英語大文字小文字数字であれば aA1
を指定するみたい。
参考
- FCRACKZIP
http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=backtrack-r1-man-pages/fcrackzip - zip/unzipコマンドでパスワード付きZipの作成と展開
https://qiita.com/snaka/items/b84d9c56a7b5dc8fc055 - zip ファイルのパスワードを総当たり解読「fcrackzip」
http://baker-street.jugem.jp/?eid=418 - パスワードで保護されている zip のパスワードを解読するにはどうすればよいですか?
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1003523/how-to-crack-the-password-of-a-zip-which-is-protected-with-a-password
おわりに
パスワード付きZIPの解析を勉強した。
pdfcrackより長い気がする。
悪用厳禁ですね…。